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The SQL SELECT statement returns a result set of rows, from one or more tables. [1] [2] A SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or database views. In most applications, SELECT is the most commonly used data manipulation language (DML) command.
Queries, which retrieve the data based on specific criteria. This is an important element of SQL. Statements, which may have a persistent effect on schemata and data, or may control transactions, program flow, connections, sessions, or diagnostics. SQL statements also include the semicolon (";") statement terminator. Though not required on ...
SELECT DeptID, SUM (SaleAmount) FROM Sales WHERE SaleDate = '2000-01-01' GROUP BY DeptID HAVING SUM (SaleAmount) > 1000 Referring to the sample tables in the Join example , the following query will return the list of departments which have more than 1 employee:
An ORDER BY clause in SQL specifies that a SQL SELECT statement returns a result set with the rows being sorted by the values of one or more columns. The sort criteria does not have to be included in the result set (restrictions apply for SELECT DISTINCT, GROUP BY, UNION [DISTINCT], EXCEPT [DISTINCT] and INTERSECT [DISTINCT].)
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
It was devised by Moshé M. Zloof at IBM Research during the mid-1970s, in parallel to the development of SQL. [1] It is the first graphical query language, using visual tables where the user would enter commands, example elements and conditions. Many graphical front-ends for databases use the ideas from QBE today.
This logic can be particularly useful for data transformation during retrieval, especially in SELECT statements. Meanwhile, COALESCE simplifies the process of handling NULL values by returning the first non-NULL value in a given list of expressions, which is especially useful in scenarios where data might be incomplete or missing. Furthermore ...
From clauses are very common, and will provide the rowset to be exposed through a Select statement, the source of values in an Update statement, and the target rows to be deleted in a Delete statement. [1] FROM is an SQL reserved word in the SQL standard. [2] The FROM clause is used in conjunction with SQL statements, and takes the following ...