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An alternative to implementing ORM is use of the native procedural languages provided with every major database. These can be called from the client using SQL statements. The Data Access Object (DAO) design pattern is used to abstract these statements and offer a lightweight object-oriented interface to the rest of the application. [5]
Doctrine, open source ORM for PHP, Free software (MIT) CakePHP, ORM and framework, open source (scalars, arrays, objects); based on database introspection, no class extending; CodeIgniter, framework that includes an ActiveRecord implementation; Yii, ORM and framework, released under the BSD license. Based on the ActiveRecord pattern
Software Platform Availability License Version Persistence Specification Apache Cayenne: Java: Open source: Apache License 2.0 : 4.2.1 [1] / 2024-06-14; 6 months ago : Dapper.NET 4.0
Hibernate ORM (or simply Hibernate) is an object–relational mapping [2]: §1.2.2, [12] tool for the Java programming language. It provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a relational database.
Apache Cayenne is an open source persistence framework licensed under the Apache License, providing object-relational mapping (ORM) and remoting services. Cayenne binds one or more database schemas directly to Java objects, managing atomic commit and rollbacks, SQL generation, joins, sequences, and more.
Attribute free, the predicates of an ORM Model lend themselves to the analysis and design of graph database models in as much as ORM was originally conceived to benefit relational database design. The term "object–role model" was coined in the 1970s and ORM based tools have been used for more than 30 years – principally for data modeling .
Python allows the creation of class methods and static methods via the use of the @classmethod and @staticmethod decorators. The first argument to a class method is the class object instead of the self-reference to the instance. A static method has no special first argument. Neither the instance, nor the class object is passed to a static method.
Data-driven languages frequently have a default action: if no condition matches, line-oriented languages may print the line (as in sed), or deliver a message (as in sieve). In some applications, such as filtering, matching is may be done exclusively (so only first matching statement), while in other cases all matching statements are applied.