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The "situational" explanation is created at the intersection of high-perceived controllability of act and external control of the act. An outgroup member's positive outcome is not rooted in their effort or ability, but a result of external situational factors that are, at least in some part, influenced by others.
Additionally, the popularity of the Big Five-Factor Model of Personality within the field of psychology has overshadowed the theory of situationism. Because this model of personality identifies specific personality traits and claims they can explain behavior and decisions of an individual, situationism has become a bit obsolete. [6]
Assume that we want to find intersection of two infinite lines in 2-dimensional space, defined as a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0 and a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 = 0. We can represent these two lines in line coordinates as U 1 = (a 1, b 1, c 1) and U 2 = (a 2, b 2, c 2). The intersection P′ of two lines is then simply given by [4]
Researchers in psychology have incorporated intersection effects since the 1950s. [102] These intersection effects were based on studying the lenses of biases, heuristics, stereotypes, and judgments. Psychologists have extended research in psychological biases to the areas of cognitive and motivational psychology.
An example of the Ponzo illusion. Both of the horizontal yellow lines are the same length. The Ponzo illusion is a geometrical-optical illusion that takes its name from the Italian psychologist Mario Ponzo (1882–1960). Ponzo never claimed to have discovered it, and it is indeed present in earlier work.
A person with an external locus of control will tend to believe that their present circumstances are not the effect of their own influence, decisions, or control, [8] and even that their own actions are a result of external factors, such as fate, luck, history, the influence of powerful forces, or individually or unspecified others (such as ...
Dr. Daniel Kahneman, winner of the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, joins us to discuss his book Thinking, Fast and Slow. When economists rubbed elbows with psychologists 40 years ago ...
For example, Fundamental attribution error, which is the instinctive tendency to ascribe a certain behaviour to the individual's personality whilst neglecting the influence of situational factors, is a central concept to social psychology and is heavily founded on the spontaneous trait inference.