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A tick bite does not automatically transfer diseases to the host. Instead, the tick must be attached to the host for a period of time, generally 6–8 hours [9] but sometimes as little as 3–6 hours, [10] before it is capable of transferring disease. The earlier the tick is removed from a host, the less likely it is to contract the illness.
The ticks that transmit Lyme disease are hard ticks. [4] Ticks often have a preferred host, but may still attach to a different host when called for. Their preferred host may change depending on the tick's stage of development (eg larval vs adult) and the host may or may not carry the transmittable pathogen. [3]
Ticks are external parasites, living by feeding on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.
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Deer tick 3D rendering of a male and female deer tick Ixodes scapularis is the main vector of Lyme disease in North America. [ 14 ] The CDC reported over 30,000 new cases of the disease in 2016 alone, the majority of which were contracted in the summer months, which is when ticks are most likely to bite humans. [ 15 ]
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The Ixodidae are the family of hard ticks or scale ticks, [1] one of the three families of ticks, consisting of over 700 species. They are known as 'hard ticks' because they have a scutum or hard shield, which the other major family of ticks, the 'soft ticks' ( Argasidae ), lack.
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