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The California Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act is in §502 of the California Penal Code. According to the State Administrative Manual of California, the Act affords protection to individuals, businesses, and governmental agencies from tampering, interference, damage, and unauthorized access to lawfully created computer data and ...
Check washing is the process of erasing details from checks to allow them to be rewritten, usually for criminal purposes such as fraudulent withdrawal from the victim's bank account. [ 1 ] Various steps can be taken by the writer of the check to reduce the possibility of falling victim to check washing.
Volumes of the Thomson West annotated version of the California Penal Code; the other popular annotated version is Deering's, which is published by LexisNexis. The Penal Code of California forms the basis for the application of most criminal law, criminal procedure, penal institutions, and the execution of sentences, among other things, in the American state of California.
This form of fraud is the basis for the Nigerian cheque scam and other similar schemes; however, in these cases, the victim will be the one accused of committing such crimes, and will be left to prove their innocence.
The crime occurs in different factual contexts: for example, defendants have been prosecuted for falsifying business records as part of a scheme to steal from a company; as part of scheme to fail to report income (and thus evade taxes); for creating or filing fraudulent certificates of liability insurance as part of a wider fraud scheme; or for ...
The fake check can present either as a personal or cashier's check. The scammer then requests that the victim pay them the excess between the intended amount and the amount on the check. [ 2 ] After the victim does so, they discover that the scammer's check was fraudulent, losing their money.
The Uniform Commercial Code permits the process of check drafting by defining signature in the following regulation: Uniform Commercial Code, Title 1, Section 1-201 (39). [8] This regulation only makes check drafting possible, not "required." Your bank may deny your items for deposit if they have reason to be suspicious.
The bank fraud statute federally criminalizes check-kiting, check forging, non-disclosure on loan applications, diversion of funds, unauthorized use of automated teller machines (ATMs), credit card fraud, and other similar offenses. Section 1344 does not cover certain forms of money laundering, bribery, and passing bad checks.