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Chloroethane, commonly known as ethyl chloride, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 Cl, once widely used in producing tetraethyllead, a gasoline additive. It is a colorless, flammable gas or refrigerated liquid with a faintly sweet odor.
Tetraethyllead was produced from ethyl chloride and a sodium–lead alloy: [11] [12] 4 NaPb + 4 CH 3 CH 2 Cl → Pb(CH 3 CH 2 ) 4 + 4 NaCl + 3 Pb Reductive dechlorination is rarely useful in chemical synthesis, but is a key step in the biodegradation of several organochlorine persistent pollutants .
The table is sortable by each of the following refrigerant properties (scroll right or reduce magnification to view more properties): Type/prefix (see legends) ASHRAE number; IUPAC chemical name; molecular formula; CAS registry number / blend name; Atmospheric lifetime in years; Semi-empirical ozone depletion potential, ODP (normalized to be 1 ...
First, ethylene is chlorinated over a ferric chloride catalyst to produce 1,2-dichloroethane: CH 2 =CH 2 + Cl 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl. When heated to around 400 °C with additional chlorine, 1,2-dichloroethane is converted to trichloroethylene: ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + 2 Cl 2 → ClCH=CCl 2 + 3 HCl. This reaction can be catalyzed by a variety of substances.
Chloroform, [10] or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula C H Cl 3 and a common solvent.It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE. [11]
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The properties of switchable solvents [53] [54] are caused by the strength of their conjugate acid's pKa and octanol-water partition coefficient ratio K ow. They must have a pKa above 9.5 to be protonated by carbonated water and also a log(K ow ) between 1.2 and 2.5 to be switchable, otherwise they will be hydrophilic or hydrophobic .
In the laboratory it is occasionally used as a source of chlorine, with elimination of ethene and chloride. Via several steps, 1,2-dichloroethane is a precursor to 1,1,1-trichloroethane . Historically, before leaded petrol was phased out, chloroethanes were used as an additive in petrol to prevent lead buildup in engines.