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One measure of desiccant efficiency is the ratio (or percentage) of water storable in the desiccant relative to the mass of desiccant. Another measure is the residual relative humidity of the air or other fluid being dried. For drying gases, a desiccant's performance can be precisely described by the dew point of the dried product. [1]
List of desiccants: [1] Activated alumina; Aerogel; Benzophenone (as anion) Bentonite clay; Calcium chloride; Calcium hydride; Calcium oxide; Calcium sulfate (Drierite) Cobalt(II) chloride; Copper(II) sulfate; Lithium chloride; Lithium bromide; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate; Magnesium sulfate; Magnesium perchlorate; Molecular sieve; Phosphorus ...
The material is placed on a shelf, and a drying agent or desiccant, such as dry silica gel or anhydrous sodium hydroxide, is placed below the shelf. Often some sort of humidity indicator is included in the desiccator to show, by color changes, the level of humidity. These indicators are in the form of indicator plugs or indicator cards.
Calcium hydride is the chemical compound with the formula CaH 2, an alkaline earth hydride. This grey powder (white if pure, which is rare) reacts vigorously with water, liberating hydrogen gas. CaH 2 is thus used as a drying agent, i.e. a desiccant. [2] CaH 2 is a saline hydride, meaning that its structure is salt-like. The alkali metals and ...
In agricultural parlance, desiccation is divided into two distinct groups: "true desiccants" and pre-harvest systemic herbicides. [14] [15] True desiccants are not chemical desiccants, rather they are contact herbicides which kill only the parts of the plant they touch. They induce plant death/defoliation rapidly and dry down occurs within a ...
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Manufacture of this product on a semi-industrial scale was first performed by G. Frederick Smith in his garage in Urbana Illinois, but later at a permanent facility in Columbus, OH called G. Frederick Smith Chemical Co. He sold the magnesium perchlorate to A. H. Thomas Co., now Thomas Scientific, under the trade name Dehydrite.
Fumed silica is made from flame pyrolysis of silicon tetrachloride or from quartz sand vaporized in a 3000 °C electric arc. [3] Major global producers are Evonik (who sells it under the name Aerosil), Cabot Corporation (Cab-O-Sil), Wacker Chemie (HDK), Dow Corning, Heraeus (Zandosil), Tokuyama Corporation (Reolosil), OCI (Konasil), Orisil (Orisil) and Xunyuchem(XYSIL).