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Gallia Celtica, meaning "Celtic Gaul" in Latin, was a cultural region of Gaul inhabited by Celts, located in what is now France, Switzerland, Luxembourg and the west bank of the Rhine River in Germany.
According to Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), the Gauls of the province of Gallia Celtica called themselves Celtae in their own language, and were called Galli in Latin. [4] Romans indeed used the ethnic name Galli as a synonym for Celtae. [2]
The Romans divided Gaul broadly into Provincia (the conquered area around the Mediterranean), and the northern Gallia Comata ("free Gaul" or "long-haired Gaul"). Caesar divided the people of Gallia Comata into three broad groups: the Aquitani; Galli (who in their own language were called Celtae); and Belgae.
They lived in Cisalpine Gaul (Gallia Cisalpina), also called Gallia Citerior or Gallia Togata, [27] was the part of Italy continually inhabited by Celts since the 13th century BC. [28] Conquered by the Roman Republic in the 220s BC, it was a Roman province from c. 81 BC until 42 BC, when it was merged into Roman Italy. [29]
The various names used since classical times for the people known today as the Celts are of disparate origins.. The names Κελτοί (Keltoí) and Celtae are used in Greek and Latin, respectively, to denote a people of the La Tène horizon in the region of the upper Rhine and Danube during the 6th to 1st centuries BC in Graeco-Roman ethnography.
Cisalpine Gaul around 100 BC [1]. Cisalpine Gaul (Latin: Gallia Cisalpina, also called Gallia Citerior or Gallia Togata [2]) was the name given, especially during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, to a region of land inhabited by Celts (), corresponding to what is now most of northern Italy.
The interrelationships of ethnicity, language and culture in the Celtic world are unclear and debated; [8] for example over the ways in which the Iron Age people of Britain and Ireland should be called Celts. [5] [8] [9] [10] In current scholarship, 'Celt' primarily refers to 'speakers of Celtic languages' rather than to a single ethnic group. [11]
At the end of the Iron Age, people from northwestern Iberian Peninsula formed a homogeneous and distinct cultural group, which was later identified by early Greek and Latin authors, who called them "Gallaeci" , perhaps due to their apparent similarity with the Galli and Gallati . The name of Galicia derives from the name of this tribal complex.