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In 1996, thirty-nine countries signed the Wassenaar Arrangement, an arms control treaty that deals with the export of arms and "dual-use" technologies such as cryptography. The treaty stipulated that the use of cryptography with short key-lengths (56-bit for symmetric encryption, 512-bit for RSA) would no longer be export-controlled. [10]
Countries may wish to restrict import of cryptography technologies for a number of reasons: Imported cryptography may have backdoors or security holes (e.g. the FREAK vulnerability), intentional or not, which allows the country or group who created the backdoor technology, for example the National Security Agency (NSA), to spy on persons using the imported cryptography; therefore the use of ...
Export destinations are classified by the EAR Supplement No. 1 to Part 740 into four country groups (A, B, D, E) with further subdivisions; [15] a country can belong to more than one group. For the purposes of encryption, groups B, D:1, and E:1 are important: B is a large list of countries that are subject to relaxed encryption export rules
Internet censorship is the legal control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet. Censorship is most often applied to specific internet domains (such as Wikipedia.org, for example) but exceptionally may extend to all Internet resources located outside the jurisdiction of the censoring state.
VPN blocking is a technique used to block the encrypted protocol tunneling communications methods used by virtual private network (VPN) systems. Often used by large organizations such as national governments or corporations, it can act as a tool for computer security or Internet censorship by preventing the use of VPNs to bypass network ...
Windows Mobile 6.5, Windows RT and core editions of Windows 8.1 include device encryption, a feature-limited version of BitLocker that encrypts the whole system. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Logging in with a Microsoft account with administrative privileges automatically begins the encryption process.
From 2006 to 2012 the number of countries listed fell to 10 and then rose to 12. The list was not updated in 2013. In 2014 the list grew to 19 with an increased emphasis on surveillance in addition to censorship. The list has not been updated since 2014. When the "Countries under surveillance" list was introduced in 2008, it listed 10 countries.
Freedom House (FH) Freedom of the Press report: [1] 10 is most free, 99 is least free 10 to 30 Free 31 to 60 Partly free 61 to 99 Not free — Not rated Reporters Without Borders (RWB) Press freedom index: [2] 6 is most free, 85 is least free 6.00 to 12.99 Good situation 13.00 to 24.99 Satisfactory situation 25.00 to 36.49 Noticeable problems