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ATC code J07 Vaccines is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
Nitrox is known by many names: Enriched Air Nitrox, Oxygen Enriched Air, Nitrox, EANx or Safe Air. [ 3 ] [ 23 ] Since the word is a compound contraction or coined word and not an acronym, it should not be written in all upper case characters as "NITROX", [ 3 ] but may be initially capitalized when referring to specific mixtures such as Nitrox32 ...
Vaccinia virus is closely related to the virus that causes cowpox; historically the two were often considered to be one and the same. [9] The precise origin of vaccinia virus is unknown due to the lack of record-keeping, as the virus was repeatedly cultivated and passaged in research laboratories for many decades. [10]
Split virus vaccines are produced by using a detergent to disrupt the viral envelope. [5] [15] This technique is used in the development of many influenza vaccines. [16] A minority of sources use the term inactivated vaccines to broadly refer to non-live vaccines. Under this definition, inactivated vaccines also include subunit vaccines and ...
Viral vector vaccines enable antigen expression within cells and induce a robust cytotoxic T cell response, unlike subunit vaccines which only confer humoral immunity. [7] [17] In order to transfer a nucleic acid coding for a specific protein to a cell, the vaccines employ a variant of a virus as its vector.
Additionally, an inactivated virus vaccine proved ineffective. DNA vaccines showed some efficacy in NHPs, but all inoculated individuals showed signs of infection. [12] Because Marburg virus and Ebola virus belong to the same family, Filoviridae, some scientists have attempted to create a single-injection vaccine for both viruses.
Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is an attenuated (weakened) strain of the vaccinia virus. It is being used as a vaccine (called MVA-BN, brand names: Imvanex in the EU, [3] Imvamune in Canada, [2] and Jynneos in the US [1]) against smallpox and mpox, [4] having fewer side effects than smallpox vaccines derived from other poxviruses.
The H5N1 virus is a particularly lethal strain of influenza. Currently, it can infect humans, but it is not contagious between humans. Still, over 600 people worldwide are known to have died from animal-transmitted H5N1 virus, [13] so the transmissibility of the virus is of major concern to scientists.