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Freedom of conscience is the freedom of an individual to act upon their moral beliefs. [1] In particular, it often refers to the freedom to not do something one is normally obliged, ordered or expected to do. An individual exercising this freedom may be called a conscientious objector. [a]
This conclusion derives support not only from the interest in respecting the individual's freedom of conscience, but also from the conviction that religious beliefs worthy of respect are the product of free and voluntary choice by the faithful, and from recognition of the fact that the political interest in forestalling intolerance extends ...
Freedom of thought is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, ... Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion ...
Though the scope of the term differs between countries, civil liberties may include the freedom of conscience, freedom of press, freedom of religion, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, the right to security and liberty, freedom of speech, the right to privacy, the right to equal treatment under the law and due process, the right to a ...
Free exercise is the liberty of persons to reach, hold, practice and change beliefs freely according to the dictates of conscience. The Free Exercise Clause prohibits government interference with religious belief and, within limits, religious practice. [2]
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" [1] on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. [2] The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. [3]
Cognitive liberty, or the "right to mental self-determination", is the freedom of an individual to control their own mental processes, cognition, and consciousness.It has been argued to be both an extension of, and the principle underlying, the right to freedom of thought.
Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights provides a right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.This includes the freedom to change a religion or belief, and to manifest a religion or belief in worship, teaching, practice and observance, subject to certain restrictions that are "in accordance with law" and "necessary in a democratic society".