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  2. Hawthorne effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_effect

    The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are fictitious.

  3. Nathaniel Hawthorne - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne

    Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer. His works often focus on history ...

  4. Brook Farm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brook_Farm

    Nathaniel Hawthorne was a founding member of Brook Farm, though not a strong adherent of the community's ideals. He later fictionalized his experience in his novel The Blithedale Romance (1852). After Brook Farm closed, the property was operated for most of the next 130 years by a Lutheran organization, first as an orphanage, and then a ...

  5. W. Lloyd Warner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Lloyd_Warner

    During his years at Harvard, he became a member of a group of social scientists, led by Australian social psychologist Elton Mayo, the presumed father of the Human Relations Movement and also best known for his discovery of the so-called Hawthorne Effect (which in fact is widely contested [5]) in the course of his motivational research at the ...

  6. Organizational theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_theory

    The human relations movement was a movement which had the primary concerns of concentrating on topics such as morale, leadership. This perspective began in the 1920s with the Hawthorne studies, which gave emphasis to "affective and socio-psychological aspects of human behavior in organizations."

  7. Human relations movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_relations_movement

    Firstly, it has been argued that Elton Mayo's actual role in the human relations movement is controversial and although he is attributed to be the founder of this movement, some academics believe that the concept of human relations was used well before the Hawthorne investigations, which sparked the human relations movement.

  8. Observer's paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer's_paradox

    In the field of sociolinguistics, the term Observer’s Paradox was coined by William Labov, who stated with regard to the term: . The aim of linguistic research in the community must be to find out how people talk when they are not being systematically observed; yet we can only obtain this data by systematic observation.

  9. The Birth-Mark - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Birth-Mark

    "The Birth-Mark", The Pioneer, March 1843 "The Birth-Mark" is a short story by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne.The tale examines obsession with human perfection. It was first published in the March 1843 edition of The Pioneer and later appeared in Mosses from an Old Manse, a collection of Hawthorne's short stories published in 1846.