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The Midnight Judges Act (also known as the Judiciary Act of 1801; 2 Stat. 89, and officially An act to provide for the more convenient organization of the Courts of the United States) expanded the federal judiciary of the United States. [1] The act was supported by the John Adams administration and the Federalist Party. [1]
Fourteen of the sixteen circuit court judges appointed by Adams were to positions created at the end of his tenure in office, in the Judiciary Act of 1801, 2 Stat. 89, which became known as the Midnight Judges Act. All of these offices were abolished by the repeal of this Act on July 1, 1802, by 2 Stat. 132.
Marshall took office during the final months of John Adams's presidency. His appointment entrenched Federalist power within the judiciary. The Judiciary Act of 1801 also established several new court positions that were filled by President Adams, but the act was largely repealed after the Democratic-Republicans took control of the government in the 1800 elections.
Additionally, the District of Columbia judiciary would not exist until the passage of the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 under President John Adams. John Rutledge was appointed to the serve on the Supreme Court twice, first as associate justice and then, after a period of years off the Court, as chief justice.
It was established in the Judiciary Act of 1801 – also known as the "Midnight Judges Act", because it sought to redistrict the federal courts to allow outgoing President John Adams to make additional appointments – and was abolished in the Judiciary Act of 1802. [1]
This is a partial chronological list of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during the Marshall Court, the tenure of Chief Justice John Marshall from February 4, 1801 through July 6, 1835.
Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia under § 8 of the second Judiciary Act of 1801
The District of Ohio was a federal judicial district of the United States created by the Judiciary Act of 1801 which consisted of the Northwest and Indiana territories. It marks an early use of the term Ohio for an area of land as opposed to the long-named Ohio River before the establishment of a state of that name, [1] but otherwise was of little long-term consequence, as the Judiciary Act of ...