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Dysautonomia, autonomic failure, or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This may affect the functioning of the heart , bladder , intestines , sweat glands , pupils , and blood vessels.
The signs and symptoms of autonomic neuropathy include the following: [citation needed] Urinary bladder conditions: urinary incontinence or urinary retention which happens due to the uncoordinated contraction of the bladder. Neurogenic bladder is a broad term used to describe this dysfunction. [1]
Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy is a type of immune-mediated autonomic failure that is associated with antibodies against the ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor present in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric ganglia. Typical symptoms include gastrointestinal dysmotility, orthostatic hypotension, and tonic pupils. [1]
Bradbury and Eggleston originally described pure autonomic failure in 1925. [4] Patients usually present with orthostatic hypotension or syncope in midlife or later. In addition, genitourinary, thermoregulatory, and bowel dysfunction can be signs of autonomic failure. [5]
Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is the development of symptoms when standing upright that are relieved when reclining. [1] There are many types of orthostatic intolerance. OI can be a subcategory of dysautonomia, a disorder of the autonomic nervous system [2] occurring when an individual stands up. [3]
In primary dysautonomias, the autonomic dysfunction occurs as a primary condition (as opposed to resulting from another disease). [1] Autonomic failure is categorized as "primary" when believed to result from a chronic condition characterized by degeneration of the autonomic nervous system, or where autonomic failure is the predominant symptom ...
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a life-threatening medical emergency characterized by hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. [1] This condition is sometimes referred to as autonomic hyperreflexia. [ 2 ] Most cases of AD occur in individuals with spinal cord injuries. [ 3 ]
Signs and symptoms of familial dysautonomia usually commence during infancy and worsen with age, and may include gastrointestinal dysmotility (including erratic gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux, abnormal esophageal peristalsis, oropharyngeal incoordination), [3] dysphagia (as poor suckling in infancy) and frequent choking/gagging, recurrent vomiting, poor weight gain [6] /growth, [7 ...
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