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Painting to commemorate the dogma of papal infallibility (Voorschoten, 1870). Right to left: Pope Pius IX, Christ and Thomas Aquinas. The infallibility of the pope was formally defined in 1870, although the tradition behind this view goes back much further.
The council was convoked by Pope Pius IX on 29 June 1868, under the rising threat of the Kingdom of Italy encroaching on the Papal States. It opened on 8 December 1869 and was adjourned on 20 September 1870 after the Italian Capture of Rome. Its best-known decision is its definition of papal infallibility. [1] [2]
Pius IX was the last pope who also functioned as a secular ruler and the monarch of the Papal States, ruling over some 3 million subjects from 1846 to 1870, when the newly founded Kingdom of Italy seized the remaining areas of the Papal States by force of arms.
Painting to commemorate the dogma of papal infallibility (Voorschoten, 1870).Left to right: Thomas Aquinas, Christ and Pope Pius IX Pastor aeternus ("First Dogmatic Constitution on the Church of Christ") was issued by the First Vatican Council, July 18, 1870.
Restructures education in the Papal States under ecclesiastical supervision. 1831 Sollicitudo ecclesiarum: Gregory XVI: That in the event of a change of government, the church would negotiate with the new government for placement of bishops and vacant dioceses. [172] 1850 (September 29) Universalis Ecclesiae ("Of the Universal Church") Pius IX
Under the leadership of Gregory's successor, Pope Pius IX, the church proclaimed Mary's Immaculate Conception in 1854. In 1864, Pius published the encyclical Quanta cura with its appended Syllabus Errorum ("Syllabus of Errors"), and in 1870 convened the First Vatican Council. The Council, in turn, proclaimed the dogma of papal infallibility.
Quanta cura (Latin for "With how great care") was a papal encyclical issued by Pope Pius IX on 8 December 1864. In it, he decried what he considered significant errors afflicting the modern age. These he listed in an attachment called the Syllabus of Errors, which condemned secularism and religious indifferentism.
The outcome of the First Vatican Council with the definition of papal infallibility raised Protestant and liberal Catholic fears of papal interference in German affairs [1] and resulted with the Kulturkampf by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in drastic restrictions for the Catholic Church in the areas of education, sermon preaching, the formation ...