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Even though a company will pay for NRE on a project only once, NRE costs can be prohibitively high and the product will need to sell well enough to produce a return on the initial investment. NRE is unlike production costs, which must be paid constantly to maintain production of a product. It is a form of fixed cost in economics terms. Once a ...
These costs are seen as an equally important parameter besides feature scope and schedule, the three taken together yielding the well-known project triangle. By taking the right design decisions as early as during the initiation and concept phase of the product life-cycle , unnecessary costs at later stages can be avoided.
The salvage value is often forgotten, but is important, and is either the net cost or revenue for decommissioning the project. Some other topics that may be addressed in engineering economics are inflation , uncertainty , replacements, depreciation , resource depletion , taxes , tax credits , accounting , cost estimations, or capital financing .
Some practitioners of PCM are mostly concerned with the cost of the product up until the point that the customer takes delivery (e.g. manufacturing costs + logistics costs) or the total cost of acquisition. They seek to launch products that meet profit targets at launch rather than reducing the costs of a product after production.
This must be done by considering the following factors: cost effectiveness (consider the budget of the program, assess cost/benefit ratio), executive pressure (whether top management expects a solution) and population (whether many key people are involved). Identify causes of performance problems and/or opportunities
C 1 is the cost of the first unit of production; C n is the cost of the n-th unit of production; n is the cumulative volume of production; a is the elasticity of cost with regard to output; These effects are often expressed graphically. The curve is plotted with the cumulative units produced on the horizontal axis and unit cost on the vertical ...
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Project production management (PPM) [1] [2] is the application of operations management [2] [3] to the delivery of capital projects. The PPM framework is based on a project as a production system view, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] in which a project transforms inputs (raw materials, information, labor, plant & machinery) into outputs (goods and services).