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The major truck manufacturers also had to spend up to $1 billion to correct the problem, which affected 1.3 million heavy duty diesel trucks. [65] [71] While Volkswagen's actions have precedents, the Center for Auto Safety's Clarence Ditlow said that Volkswagen "took it to another level of sophisticated deception we've never seen before." [65]
[66] [67] Due to the good fuel economy provided by its diesel fleet, in 2014 Volkswagen was registered with a Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) of 34 mpg ‑US (6.9 L/100 km; 41 mpg ‑imp). [68] The low emissions levels of Volkswagen vehicles tested with the defeat device in operation enabled the company to receive green car subsidies and ...
TDI engines using common rail fuel injection (using piezoelectric fuel injectors) were introduced with the Volkswagen Group 32v TDI V8 engine used in the 1999 Audi A8 3.3 TDI Quattro, two years after the 1997 Alfa Romeo 156 2.4-L JTD became the first passenger car to use common rail injection. [17] [18]
1988: The California Air Resources Board (CARB) requires that all new vehicles sold in California from 1988 onward have some basic OBD capability (such as detecting problems with fuel metering and Exhaust gas recirculation.) [7] [8] These requirements are generally referred to as "OBD-I", though this name is a retronym applied after the ...
common rail (CR) direct diesel injection: electric low-pressure fuel lift pump, one timing belt-driven 1,600 bar (23,210 psi) injection pump, two common rail fuel rails (one per cylinder bank), piezo-electric operated fuel injectors with eight-hole nozzles for homogeneous fuel delivery, single and double pilot injection, up to four main ...
fully demand-controlled and returnless; – fuel tank–mounted low-pressure fuel pump; Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI): single-piston high-pressure injection pump driven by a four-lobe cam on the exhaust camshaft supplying up to 150 bar (2,180 psi) fuel pressure in the stainless steel common rail fuel rail, four combustion chamber sited direct ...
1.9-litre TDI, 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) — 1999.5–2003 Volkswagen Golf, Volkswagen Jetta, Volkswagen New Beetle, Volkswagen Passat ID code- ATD, BEW, BRM 1.9-litre TDI , 74 kW (101 PS; 99 hp) — 2004–2006 Volkswagen Jetta , Volkswagen New Beetle
common rail (CR) direct diesel injection: electric low-pressure fuel lift pump, one timing belt-driven 1,600 bar (23,210 psi) injection pump, two common rail fuel rails (one per cylinder bank), piezo-electric operated fuel injectors with eight-hole nozzles for homogenous fuel delivery, single and double pilot injection, up to four main ...