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Because Optics contributed a new dimension to the study of vision, it influenced later scientists. In particular, Ptolemy used Euclid's mathematical treatment of vision and his idea of a visual cone in combination with physical theories in Ptolemy's Optics, which has been called "one of the most important works on optics written before Newton". [3]
[6] Some argued that Euclid's version of emission theory was purely metaphorical, highlighting mainly the geometrical relations between eyes and objects. The geometry of classical optics is equivalent no matter which direction light is considered to move because light is modeled by its path, not as a moving object. However, his theory of ...
The early writers discussed here treated vision more as a geometrical than as a physical, physiological, or psychological problem. The first known author of a treatise on geometrical optics was the geometer Euclid (c. 325 BC–265 BC). Euclid began his study of optics as he began his study of geometry, with a set of self-evident axioms.
The Book of Optics was most strongly influenced by Ptolemy's Optics, while the description of the anatomy and physiology of the eye was based upon an account by Galen. [5] The Book of Optics was translated into Latin by an unknown scholar at the end of the 12th (or the beginning of the 13th) century.
Commentary on the Data of Euclid. This work is written at a relatively advanced level as Theon tends to shorten Euclid's proofs rather than amplify them. [2] Commentary on the Optics of Euclid. This elementary-level work is believed to consist of lecture notes compiled by a student of Theon. [2] Commentary on the Almagest.
Vision of humans and other organisms depends on several organs such as the lens of the eye, and any vision correcting devices, which use optics to focus the image. The eyes of many animals contains a lens that focuses the light of its surroundings onto the retina of the eye. This lens is essential to producing clear images within the eye.
The Latin translation of Alhazen's (Ibn al-Haytham) main work, Book of Optics (Kitab al-Manazir), [6] exerted a great influence on Western science: for example, on the work of Roger Bacon, who cites him by name. [7] His research in catoptrics (the study of optical systems using mirrors) centred on spherical and parabolic mirrors and spherical ...
1021 – Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) writes the Book of Optics, studying vision. 1088 – Shen Kuo first recognizes magnetic declination. 1187 – Alexander Neckham is first in Europe to describe the magnetic compass and its use in navigation. 1269 – Pierre de Maricourt describes magnetic poles and remarks on the nonexistence of isolated ...