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Concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong oxidant with powerful dehydrating properties, making it highly corrosive towards other materials, from rocks to metals. Phosphorus pentoxide is a notable exception in that it is not dehydrated by sulfuric acid but, to the contrary, dehydrates sulfuric acid to sulfur trioxide. Upon addition of sulfuric acid ...
Oleum is a useful form for transporting sulfuric acid compounds, typically in rail tank cars, between oil refineries, which produce various sulfur compounds as a byproduct of refining, and industrial consumers. Certain compositions of oleum are solid at room temperature, and thus are safer to ship than as a liquid.
In organosulfur chemistry, organosulfates are a class of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the structure R−O−SO − 3. The SO 4 core is a sulfate group and the R group is any organic residue. All organosulfates are formally esters derived from alcohols and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) although many are not prepared in ...
Mineral acids are also used directly for their corrosive properties. For example, a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid is used for removing the deposits from the inside of boilers, with precautions taken to prevent the corrosion of the boiler by the acid. This process is known as descaling. [citation needed]
For example, the limiting acid in liquid ammonia is the ammonium ion, NH 4 + which has a pK a value in water of 9.25. The limiting base is the amide ion, NH 2-. NH 2 − is a stronger base than the hydroxide ion and so cannot exist in aqueous solution. The pK a value of ammonia is estimated to be approximately 34 (c.f. water, 14 [3] [4]).
The resulting mixture is used to clean organic residues off substrates, for example silicon wafers. [1] Because the mixture is a strong oxidizing agent , it will decompose most organic matter , and it will also hydroxylate most surfaces (by adding –OH groups), making them highly hydrophilic (water-compatible).
is an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate; used in organic chemistry as a qualitative test for the presence of unsaturation, such as double bonds; N-Bromosuccinimide: used in radical substitution and electrophilic addition reactions in organic chemistry. Also acts as a mild oxidizer to oxidize benzylic or allylic alcohols.
Examples of superacids are fluoroantimonic acid and magic acid. Some superacids can be crystallised. [10] They can also quantitatively stabilize carbocations. [11] Lewis acids reacting with Lewis bases in gas phase and non-aqueous solvents have been classified in the ECW model, and it has been shown that there is no one order of acid strengths ...