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A BiTE linking a T cell to a tumor cell. Like other bispecific antibodies, and unlike ordinary monoclonal antibodies, BiTEs form a link between T cells and tumor cells. This causes T cells to exert cytotoxic activity on tumor cells by producing proteins like perforin and granzymes, independently of the presence of MHC I or co-stimulatory molecules.
The first bispecific antibody to gain regulatory approval, blinatumomab, targets CD19 on B cells and CD3 on T cells, leading to the activation of T cells and the destruction of B cells. [31] Additional bispecific antibody drugs have since been approved by the US FDA: emicizumab, amivantamab, tebentafusp, faricimab, teclistamab, mosunetuzumab ...
Epcoritamab, sold under the brand name Epkinly, is a monoclonal antibody anticancer medication used for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. [4] [7] Epcoritamab is a bispecific CD20-directed CD3 T-cell engager. [4] [7] Epcoritamab was co-developed by AbbVie and Genmab. [8]
Tarlatamab, sold under the brand name Imdelltra, is an anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. [4] It is a bispecific T-cell engager that binds delta-like ligand 3 and CD3.
Talquetamab is a bispecific antibody against two targets: human CD3, a T-cell surface antigen, and human G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), a tumor-associated antigen with potential antineoplastic activity. [11]
Teclistamab, sold under the brand name Tecvayli, is a human bispecific monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. [8] It is a bispecific antibody that targets the CD3 receptor expressed on the surface of T-cells and B-cell maturation antigen (), which is expressed on the surface of malignant multiple myeloma B-lineage cells.
A trifunctional antibody is a monoclonal antibody with binding sites for two different antigens, typically CD3 and a tumor antigen, making it a type of bispecific monoclonal antibody. In addition, its intact Fc-part can bind to an Fc receptor on accessory cells like conventional monospecific antibodies.
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system.Immunotherapy is designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies.