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A BiTE linking a T cell to a tumor cell. Like other bispecific antibodies, and unlike ordinary monoclonal antibodies, BiTEs form a link between T cells and tumor cells. This causes T cells to exert cytotoxic activity on tumor cells by producing proteins like perforin and granzymes, independently of the presence of MHC I or co-stimulatory molecules.
Epcoritamab, sold under the brand name Epkinly, is a monoclonal antibody anticancer medication used for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. [4] [7] Epcoritamab is a bispecific CD20-directed CD3 T-cell engager. [4] [7] Epcoritamab was co-developed by AbbVie and Genmab. [8]
The first bispecific antibody to gain regulatory approval, blinatumomab, targets CD19 on B cells and CD3 on T cells, leading to the activation of T cells and the destruction of B cells. [31] Additional bispecific antibody drugs have since been approved by the US FDA: emicizumab, amivantamab, tebentafusp, faricimab, teclistamab, mosunetuzumab ...
Tarlatamab, sold under the brand name Imdelltra, is an anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. [4] It is a bispecific T-cell engager that binds delta-like ligand 3 and CD3.
Teclistamab, sold under the brand name Tecvayli, is a human bispecific monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. [8] It is a bispecific antibody that targets the CD3 receptor expressed on the surface of T-cells and B-cell maturation antigen (), which is expressed on the surface of malignant multiple myeloma B-lineage cells.
Talquetamab is a bispecific antibody against two targets: human CD3, a T-cell surface antigen, and human G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), a tumor-associated antigen with potential antineoplastic activity. [11]
A trifunctional antibody is a monoclonal antibody with binding sites for two different antigens, typically CD3 and a tumor antigen, making it a type of bispecific monoclonal antibody. In addition, its intact Fc-part can bind to an Fc receptor on accessory cells like conventional monospecific antibodies.
T-cell transfer therapy: a treatment that takes T-cells from the tumor and selects or changes them in the lab to better attack cancer cells, then reintroduces them into the patient. Monoclonal antibodies: designed to bind to specific targets on cancer cells, marking cancer cells so that they will be better seen and destroyed by the immune system.