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Date: 21 February 2018: Source: Original map of Trasamundo, it has been redrawn from scratch and modified including territorial claims (Nagihuin)+Small correction in colouring of the Viceroyalty of Río de La Plata+Removed all names to simplify
Paquette, Gabriel B. Enlightenment, Governance, and Reform in Spain and Its Empire, 1759–1808 (2007) Smidt, Andrea J. "Bourbon regalism and the importation of gallicanism: the political path for a state religion in Eighteenth-Century Spain." Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia 19 (2010): 25–53. Shafer, R.J.
The Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España) entered a new era with the death of Charles II, the last Spanish Habsburg monarch, who died childless in 1700. The War of the Spanish Succession was fought between proponents of a Bourbon prince, Philip of Anjou, and the Austrian Habsburg claimant, Archduke Charles.
Griffin, Charles C.. "The Enlightenment and Latin American Independence" in Latin America and the Enlightenment (2nd edition). New York: Borzoi 1961. Katzew, Ilona. Casta Painting: Images of Race in Eighteenth-Century Mexico. New Haven: Yale University Press 2004. Lafuente, Antonio and Nuria Valverde. "Linnaean Botany and Spanish Imperial ...
For example, the crown pursued state predominance over the Catholic Church, pushed economic reforms, and placed power solely into the hands of civil officials, [2] paving the way for the Enlightenment in Spain. The reforms resulted in significant restructuring of administrative structure and personnel. [3]
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was an intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries. [1] [2] The Enlightenment featured a range of social ideas centered on the value of knowledge learned by way of rationalism and of empiricism and political ideals such ...
Social class in 18th-century Spain; Spanish Baroque painting; Spanish conquest of Oran (1732) Spanish Enlightenment literature; Spanish treasure fleet; Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–1737) Spanish–Portuguese War (1776–1777) Suppression of the Society of Jesus
The century of the Enlightenment was a very bad time for peasants and workers. Of the two groups, the second enjoyed better conditions (Lynch, p. 235-6). The increase of population, the expansion of the service sector and the general economic development contributed to improved employment opportunities for the artisans and workers in cities.