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The need of reference tables for this thermocouple was made evident by the growing acceptance and increased usage of it. Twenty-seven thermocouples made of 20-, 30-, and 40-mil diameter elements drawn from three separate melts of the positive and negative alloys were calibrated.
Text tables: NIST ITS-90 Thermocouple Database (B, E, J, K, N, R, S, T) PDF tables: J K T E N R S B; Python package thermocouples_reference containing characteristic curves of many thermocouple types. R package Temperature Measurement with Thermocouples, RTD and IC Sensors. Data table: Thermocouple wire sizes
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There are often small differences between measurements calibrated per ITS-90 and thermodynamic temperature.For instance, precise measurements show that the boiling point of VSMOW water under one standard atmosphere of pressure is actually 373.1339 K (99.9839 °C) when adhering strictly to the two-point definition of thermodynamic temperature.
The handbook was originally published in 1928 by the Chemical Rubber Company (now CRC Press) as a supplement (Mathematical Tables) to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Beginning with the 10th edition (1956), it was published as CRC Standard Mathematical Tables and kept this title up to the 29th edition (1991).
In the table below are Seebeck coefficients at room temperature for some common, nonexotic materials, measured relative to platinum. [8] The Seebeck coefficient of platinum itself is approximately −5 μV/K at room temperature, [9] and so the values listed below should be compensated accordingly. For example, the Seebeck coefficients of Cu, Ag ...
Vertical design has thermocouples arranged vertically between the hot and cool plates, leading to high integration of thermocouples as well as a high output voltage, making this design the most widely-used design commercially. The mixed design has the thermocouples arranged laterally on the substrate while the heat flow is vertical between plates.
If process temperatures are between −200 and 500 °C (−328.0 and 932.0 °F), an industrial RTD is the preferred option. Thermocouples have a range of −180 to 2,320 °C (−292.0 to 4,208.0 °F), [9] so for temperatures above 500 °C (932 °F) it is the contact temperature measurement device commonly found in physics laboratories.