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Green solvents are environmentally friendly chemical solvents that are used as a part of green chemistry. They came to prominence in 2015, when the UN defined a new sustainability -focused development plan based on 17 sustainable development goals, recognizing the need for green chemistry and green solvents for a more sustainable future. [ 1 ]
Dihydrolevoglucosenone is considered a "green" replacement for DMF. [5] Several standard reactions of organic chemistry, e.g. Menshutkin reaction, [5] Sonogashira coupling, [18] Suzuki-Miyaura coupling [19] and the production of ureas [20] have been carried out in dihydrolevoglucosenone. Formation of ureas using dihydrolevoglucosenone as a solvent
The possible role of liquid ammonia as an alternative solvent for life is an idea that goes back at least to 1954, when J. B. S. Haldane raised the topic at a symposium about life's origin. [52] Numerous chemical reactions are possible in an ammonia solution, and liquid ammonia has chemical similarities with water.
In short, the impact of the entire lifetime of the solvent, from cradle to grave (or cradle to cradle if recycled) must be considered. Thus the most comprehensive definition of a green solvent is the following: "a green solvent is the solvent that makes a product or process have the least environmental impact over its entire life cycle." [23]
Due to the toxicity of the traditional solvents, green solvents were investigated in recent years. [14] Due to its environmentally friendly profile, gamma-valerolactone showed the potential to fabricate polysulfone membranes as a co-solvent.
Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) or aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are clean alternatives for traditional organic-water solvent extraction systems.. ABS are formed when either two polymers, one polymer and one kosmotropic salt, or two salts (one chaotropic salt and the other a kosmotropic salt) are mixed at appropriate concentrations or at a particular temperature.
Other alternatives to HMPA include the N,N′-tetraalkylureas DMPU (dimethylpropyleneurea) [10] [11] or DMI (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone). [12] Tripyrrolidinophosphoric acid triamide (TPPA) has been reported to be a good substitute reagent for HMPA in reductions with samarium diiodide [ 13 ] and as a Lewis base additive to many reactions ...
Solvothermal synthesis is a method of producing chemical compounds, in which a solvent containing reagents is put under high pressure and temperature in an autoclave. Many substances dissolve better in the same solvent in such conditions than at standard conditions , enabling reactions that would not otherwise occur and leading to new compounds ...