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The theoretical plate in conventional distillation trays has no "height". It is simply a hypothetical equilibrium stage. However, the theoretical plate in packed beds, chromatography and other applications is defined as having a height.
Fractionation at total reflux. The Fenske equation in continuous fractional distillation is an equation used for calculating the minimum number of theoretical plates required for the separation of a binary feed stream by a fractionation column that is being operated at total reflux (i.e., which means that no overhead product distillate is being withdrawn from the column).
For the binary distillation depicted in Figure 1, the required number of theoretical plates is 6. Constructing a McCabe–Thiele diagram is not always straightforward. In continuous distillation with a varying reflux ratio, the mole fraction of the lighter component in the top part of the distillation column will decrease as the reflux ratio ...
Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, ... The more reflux is provided for a given number of theoretical plates, the better ...
In a typical fractional distillation, a liquid mixture is heated in the distilling flask, and the resulting vapor rises up the fractionating column (see Figure 1). The vapor condenses on glass spurs (known as theoretical trays or theoretical plates) inside the column, and returns to the distilling flask, refluxing the rising distillate vapor ...
Each vaporization-condensation cycle (called a theoretical plate) will yield a purer solution of the more volatile component. [40] In reality, each cycle at a given temperature does not occur at exactly the same position in the fractionating column; theoretical plate is thus a concept rather than an accurate description.
Here the distillation head and fractionating column are combined in one piece. Differential centrifugation . Fractionation is a separation process in which a certain quantity of a mixture (of gasses, solids, liquids, enzymes , or isotopes , or a suspension ) is divided during a phase transition , into a number of smaller quantities ( fractions ...
Key fractional distillation concepts: theoretical stages, x-y diagrams, multicomponent distillation, column composition and temperature profiles; Process design and optimization: minimum reflux and minimum stages, optimum reflux, short-cut methods, feed entry location