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Biofuel energy production, 2023 [96] Biofuel production by region Global biofuel production was 81 Mtoe in 2017 which represented an annual increase of about 3% compared to 2010. [ 7 ] : 12 In 2017, the US was the largest biofuel producer in the world producing 37 Mtoe, followed by Brazil and South America at 23 Mtoe and Europe (mainly Germany ...
The Renewable Fuel Standard called for 7.5 billion US gallons (28 × 10 ^ 6 m 3) of biofuels to be used annually by 2012, expanding the market for biofuels. [ 11 ] The EPA announced that the 2009 Renewable Fuel Standard will require most refiners, importers, and non-oxygenate blenders of gasoline to displace 10.21% of their gasoline with ...
The development of second-generation biofuels has seen a stimulus since the food vs. fuel dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of food supply. The biofuel and food price debate involves wide-ranging views, and is a long-standing, controversial one in the literature.
Biofuel development and use is a complex issue because there are many biofuel options which are available. Biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel , are currently produced from the products of conventional food crops such as the starch, sugar and oil feedstocks from crops that include wheat , maize , sugar cane , palm oil and oilseed rape .
Biofuels are also considered a renewable source. Although renewable energy is used mostly to generate electricity, it is often assumed that some form of renewable energy or a percentage is used to create alternative fuels. Research is ongoing into finding more suitable biofuel crops and improving the oil yields of these crops.
The biomass used to produce biofuels varies by region. Maize is the major feedstock in the United States, while sugarcane dominates in Brazil. [ 114 ] In the European Union, where biodiesel is more common than bioethanol, rapeseed oil and palm oil are the main feedstocks. [ 115 ]
There are two main types of biofuels produced: Ethanol and Biodiesel. Biodiesel is a liquid fuel composed of vegetable oils and or animal fats. To create the gasoline itself, these subsequent liquids are combined with alcohol. Biodiesel is used to fuel compression ignition engines, otherwise known as diesel engines.
It is the most abundantly available raw material on the Earth for the production of biofuels. [1] It is composed of two kinds of carbohydrate polymers, cellulose and hemicellulose, and an aromatic-rich polymer called lignin. [1] Any biomass rich in cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin are commonly referred to as lignocellulosic biomass. [2]