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Leflunomide, sold under the brand name Arava among others, is an immunosuppressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug , [8] used in active moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. It is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor that works by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. [9] Bottle of Leflunomide (Arava) and tablet
csDMARDs are the traditional drugs (such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine, gold salts) tsDMARDs are drugs that were developed to target a particular molecular structure; biological (bDMARD) can be further separated into original and biosimilar DMARDs (boDMARDs and bsDMARDs)
The most commonly used agent is methotrexate with other frequently used agents including sulfasalazine and leflunomide. [8] Leflunomide is effective when used from 6–12 months, with similar effectiveness to methotrexate when used for 2 years. [119] Sulfasalazine also appears to be most effective in the short-term treatment of rheumatoid ...
A TNF inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug that suppresses the physiologic response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is part of the inflammatory response.TNF is involved in autoimmune and immune-mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa and refractory asthma, so TNF inhibitors may be used in their ...
This is considered a simple structural modification and a technically simple one-step synthetic transformation. Upon oral administration of leflunomide in vivo, the isoxazole ring of leflunomide is opened and teriflunomide is formed. [15] Teriflunomide is the only active metabolite of leflunomide, completely responsible for its therapeutic actions.
Leflunomide is being used for treatment of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, as well as multiple sclerosis. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] Its immunosuppressive effects have been attributed to the depletion of the pyrimidine supply for T cells or to more complex interferon or interleukin -mediated pathways, but nonetheless require further research.
Leflunomide is an isoxazole-derivative drug. Examples of AAS containing the isoxazole ring include danazol and androisoxazole. A number of pesticides are isoxazoles. [10] Isoxaben is an example of an isoxazole used as a herbicide.
Ideal sources for Wikipedia's health content are defined in the guideline Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine) and are typically review articles. Here are links to possibly useful sources of information about Leflunomide. PubMed provides review articles from the past five years (limit to free review articles)