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Reaction of sodium bicarbonate and an acid produces a salt and carbonic acid, which readily decomposes to carbon dioxide and water: [79] NaHCO 3 + HCl → NaCl + H 2 O+CO 2 H 2 CO 3 → H 2 O + CO 2 (g) Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acetic acid (found in vinegar), producing sodium acetate, water, and carbon dioxide: NaHCO 3 + CH 3 COOH → CH ...
The ammonia from reaction (III) is recycled back to the initial brine solution of reaction (I). The sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) precipitate from reaction (I) is then converted to the final product, sodium carbonate (washing soda: Na 2 CO 3), by calcination (160–230 °C), producing water and carbon dioxide as byproducts:
Gluconic acid is typically produced by the aerobic oxidation of glucose in the presence of the enzyme glucose oxidase. The conversion produces gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide. The lactone spontaneously hydrolyzes to gluconic acid in water. [3] C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 → C 6 H 10 O 6 + H 2 O 2 C 6 H 10 O 6 + H 2 O → C 6 H 12 O 7
A chemical glycosylation reaction involves the coupling of a glycosyl donor, to a glycosyl acceptor forming a glycoside. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] If both the donor and acceptor are sugars, then the product is an oligosaccharide .
Carbohydrate synthesis is a sub-field of organic chemistry concerned with generating complex carbohydrate structures from simple units (monosaccharides). The generation of carbohydrate structures usually involves linking monosaccharides or oligosaccharides through glycosidic bonds, a process called glycosylation .
Krebs–Henseleit solution, developed by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, is a solution containing sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4), bicarbonate (HCO 3), phosphate (PO 4), glucose, [1] and sometimes supplemented with albumin, and tromethamine (THAM).
CO 2 produced as a waste product of the oxidation of sugars in the mitochondria reacts with water in a reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase to form H 2 CO 3, which is in equilibrium with the cation H + and anion HCO 3 −. It is then carried to the lung, where the reverse reaction occurs and CO 2 gas is released. In the kidney (left), cells ...
The Kiliani–Fischer synthesis, named for German chemists Heinrich Kiliani and Emil Fischer, is a method for synthesizing monosaccharides.It proceeds via synthesis and hydrolysis of a cyanohydrin, followed by reduction of the intermediate acid to the aldehyde, thus elongating the carbon chain of an aldose by one carbon atom while preserving stereochemistry on all the previously present chiral ...