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As of 2020, estimated costs of production are $1–1.80/kg for grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen, [177] and $2.50–6.80 for green hydrogen. [177] 94 million tonnes of grey hydrogen are produced globally using fossil fuels as of 2022, primarily natural gas, and are therefore a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. [178] [179] [180] [181]
Hydrogen produced by steam reforming is termed 'grey' hydrogen when the waste carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere and 'blue' hydrogen when the carbon dioxide is (mostly) captured and stored geologically—see carbon capture and storage.
In this context, hydrogen economy encompasses the production of hydrogen and the use of hydrogen in ways that contribute to phasing-out fossil fuels and limiting climate change. Hydrogen can be produced by several means. Most hydrogen produced today is gray hydrogen, made from natural gas through steam methane reforming (SMR).
This is called “grey” hydrogen and has significant CO2 emissions during the production process. The resultant CO2 can be captured and stored to make “blue” hydrogen, but that technology ...
A closely related artificially produced form of hydrogen is green hydrogen which is produced from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar energy. Non-renewable forms of hydrogen include grey, brown, blue or black hydrogen which are obtained from the processing of fossil fuels. [5]
Green hydrogen (GH2 or GH 2) is hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water, using renewable electricity. [1] [2] Production of green hydrogen causes significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions than production of grey hydrogen, which is derived from fossil fuels without carbon capture.
Hydrogen produced from coal mine methane would likely qualify for lower tiers of the credit. Administration officials said the credit is based only on the lifecycle emissions of the hydrogen ...
Ghasemi wholeheartedly believes all hydrogen production can be green by 2050, despite doubts from other industry leaders such as Exxon CEO Darren Woods, who also happens to be an Air Products client.