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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. [1] FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland [ 2 ] and regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation , and reproductive processes of the body.
The endocrine function of gonadotrophs is derived from the effect of gonadotropins on the reproductive system. The gonadotropins produced by gonadotropic cells are FSH and LH, which are dimeric pituitary glycoprotein hormones with a common alpha subunit and distinct beta subunit that confers biological activity of the hormones.
Primordial follicle initiation and development varies by species; in the canine primordial follicle formation occurs 17–54 days post birth. At 17 days, primordial follicles, each of consists of a small oocyte (with no zona pellucida) and a single layer of flattened pre-granulosa cells, can first be observed in the cortical layer of the ovary.
In domestic dogs, sexual maturity occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years of age for some large breeds. [2] Pregnancy is possible as soon as the first estrus cycle , but breeding is not recommended prior to the second cycle. [ 3 ]
Failure or loss of the gonads usually results in elevated levels of LH and FSH in the blood. [10] [11] LH insensitivity, which results in Leydig cell hypoplasia in males, and FSH insensitivity, are conditions of insensitivity to LH and FSH, respectively, caused by loss-of-function mutations in their respective
10468 14313 Ensembl ENSG00000134363 ENSMUSG00000021765 UniProt P19883 P47931 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006350 NM_013409 NM_008046 NM_001301373 NM_001301375 RefSeq (protein) NP_006341 NP_037541 NP_001288302 NP_001288304 NP_032072 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 53.48 – 53.49 Mb Chr 13: 114.59 – 114.6 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Follistatin, also known as activin-bindings protein ...
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Clinical presentations of CHH involve an absence of puberty by 18 years of age, poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics, or infertility. [12] In men with CHH, serum levels of inhibin B are typically very low as inhibin B is a marker of Sertoli cell number. [4] For females, CHH is most commonly revealed by primary amenorrhea.