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D-dimer (or D dimer) is a dimer that is a fibrin degradation product (FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. It is so named because it contains two D fragments of the fibrin protein joined by a cross-link , hence forming a protein dimer .
Diagnosis is typically based on blood tests. [2] Findings may include low platelets, low fibrinogen, high INR, or high D-dimer. [2] Treatment is mainly directed towards the underlying condition. [2] [3] Other measures may include giving platelets, cryoprecipitate, or fresh frozen plasma. [2] Evidence to support these treatments, however, is ...
In children, a ferritin above 10000 μg/L is very sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of HLH, [17] however, the diagnostic utility for ferritin is less for adult HLH patients. [18] The serum fibrinogen level is usually low and the D-dimer level is elevated. [citation needed] The sphingomyelinase is elevated. [19] Bone marrow biopsy shows ...
Lab tests and clinical monitoring show low blood oxygen, widened pulse pressure, increased cardiac output (early), potentially diminished cardiac output (late), high levels of nitrogen compounds in the blood, elevated D-dimer, elevated transaminases, factor I deficiency and excessive bleeding, higher-than-normal level of bilirubin. [5] [8]
Acquired hyperfibrinolysis is found in liver disease, [3] in patients with severe trauma, [4] during major surgical procedures, [5] and other conditions. [6] A special situation with temporarily enhanced fibrinolysis is thrombolytic therapy with drugs which activate plasminogen , e.g. for use in acute ischemic events or in patients with stroke.
The diagnosis of hemolytic anemia can be suspected on the basis of a constellation of symptoms and is largely based on the presence of anemia, an increased proportion of immature red cells (reticulocytes) and a decrease in the level of haptoglobin, a protein that binds free hemoglobin.
Blood testing of the soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is used as a measure of functional iron status and the investigation of iron deficiency anemia. Ferritin , a routine investigation for anemia, is an acute-phase reactant , and may be elevated in states of inflammation , thereby falsely indicating that iron stores are adequate. [ 2 ]
The reticulocyte production index (RPI), also called a corrected reticulocyte count (CRC), is a calculated value used in the diagnosis of anemia.This calculation is necessary because the raw reticulocyte count is misleading in anemic patients.