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This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) ... Water: 100.00 0.512 0.00 –1.86 K b & K f [2] Ethyl Acetate: 77.1 [5] Acetic Anhydride: 139.0 [6 ...
If the reaction mixture is not anhydrous, this minor reaction pathway is suppressed as water acts as a competing base. [12] Oxidation of thiophenes may be relevant to the metabolic activation of various thiophene-containing drugs, such as tienilic acid and the investigational anticancer drug OSI-930. [16] [17] [18] [19]
Because acetic anhydride is not stable in water, the conversion is conducted under anhydrous conditions. To a decreasing extent, acetic anhydride is also prepared by the reaction of ketene with acetic acid at 45–55 °C and low pressure (0.05–0.2 bar). [8] H 2 C=C=O + CH 3 COOH → (CH 3 CO) 2 O (ΔH = −63 kJ/mol)
A yellow liquid, it is the more useful of the two isomers of acetylthiophene. It is of commercial interest as a precursor to both thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and thiophene-2-acetic acid. [2] It is prepared by the reaction of thiophene with acetyl chloride in the presence of stannic chloride. [3]
Thiophene-3-acetic acid is an organosulfur compound with the formula HO 2 CCH 2 C 4 H 3 S. It is a white solid. It is one of two isomers of thiophene acetic acid, the other being thiophene-2-acetic acid. Thiophene-3-acetic acid has attracted attention as a precursor to functionalized derivatives of polythiophene. [1]
Thiophenol is an organosulfur compound with the formula C 6 H 5 SH, sometimes abbreviated as PhSH. This foul-smelling colorless liquid is the simplest aromatic thiol.The chemical structures of thiophenol and its derivatives are analogous to phenols, where the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to the aromatic ring in phenol is replaced by a sulfur atom.
Its half-life in water is approximately 45 min. a 25 °C at 2 < pH < 7. [4] Certain diketenes with two aliphatic chains, such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKDs), are used industrially to improve hydrophobicity in paper. At one time acetic anhydride was prepared by the reaction of ketene with acetic acid: [5]