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[note 14] [34] Therefore, researchers in non-European or North American countries commonly get rejected because their research is said to be "not internationally significant" or only of "local interest" (the wrong "local"). This reflects the current concept of "international" as limited to a Euro/Anglophone-centric way of knowledge production.
Even citation-based metrics do not indicate if a high score implies a positive impact on science; that is, papers are also cited in papers that disagree with the cited paper, an issue for example addressed by the Citation Typing Ontology project. [50]
Author-level metrics are citation metrics that measure the bibliometric impact of individual authors, researchers, academics, and scholars. Many metrics have been developed that take into account varying numbers of factors (from only considering the total number of citations, to looking at their distribution across papers or journals using statistical or graph-theoretic principles).
[54] [55] Cost of scoring can be calculated by measuring average time raters spend on scoring a writing sample, the percent of samples requiring a third reading, or the expenditure on stipends for raters, salary of session leaders, refreshments for raters, machine copying, room rental, etc. Occasionally, especially with high-impact uses such as ...
Most papers published in 2013–14 received many fewer citations than indicated by the impact factor. Two journals (Nature [blue] and PLOS ONE [orange]) are shown to represent a highly cited and less cited journal, respectively. The high citation impact of Nature is derived from relatively few highly cited papers. Modified after Callaway 2016.
A play after the strip sack, Riley Leonard found Beaux Collins for a 13-yard TD. Notre Dame got the ball to start the second half and the offense never took the field to open the third quarter.
Sample of a well maintained data [clarification needed]. In statistics and research design, an index is a composite statistic – a measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points, or in other words, a compound measure that aggregates multiple indicators.
The airport is full of spending temptations at every corner, and it’s easy to give into those temptations when you have time to kill before your flight. According to a recent survey from ...