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Colourless diboron tetrachloride (m.p. -93 °C) is a planar molecule in the solid, (similar to dinitrogen tetroxide, but in the gas phase the structure is staggered. [4] It decomposes (disproportionates) at room temperatures to give a series of monochlorides having the general formula (BCl) n , in which n may be 8, 9, 10, or 11.
For example, in colorectal cancer models, elevated Bcl3 expression was found to activate AKT signalling, [19] drive a cancer stem cell phenotype through enhancing β-catenin signalling, [20] drive the COX-2 mediated response to inflammatory cytokines, [21] and protect colorectal tumor cells against DNA damage. [22] The role of Bcl3 in enabling ...
Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths , bond angles , torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom.
C 0 t analysis, a technique based on the principles of DNA reassociation kinetics, is a biochemical technique that measures how much repetitive DNA is in a DNA sample such as a genome. [1] It is used to study genome structure and organization and has also been used to simplify the sequencing of genomes that contain large amounts of repetitive ...
The primary structure of a biopolymer is the exact specification of its atomic composition and the chemical bonds connecting those atoms (including stereochemistry).For a typical unbranched, un-crosslinked biopolymer (such as a molecule of a typical intracellular protein, or of DNA or RNA), the primary structure is equivalent to specifying the sequence of its monomeric subunits, such as amino ...
2) + 3). In organic chemistry, planar, three-connected carbon centers that are trigonal planar are often described as having sp 2 hybridization. [2] [3] Nitrogen inversion is the distortion of pyramidal amines through a transition state that is trigonal planar. Pyramidalization is a distortion of this molecular shape towards a tetrahedral ...
Some 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds are able to react with single-stranded guanine (G) at N1 and N2, forming a five-membered ring adduct at the Watson-Crick face. 1,1-Dihydroxy-3-ethoxy-2-butanone, also known as kethoxal, has a structure related to 1,2-dicarbonyls, and was the first in this category used extensively for the chemical probing of RNA ...
Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together and can be represented using structural formulae and by molecular models; [1] complete electronic structure descriptions include specifying the occupation of a molecule's molecular orbitals. [2] [3] Structure ...