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According to Twelvers, there is at all times an Imam of the era who is the divinely appointed authority on all matters of faith and law in the Muslim community. Ali , a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was the first of the Twelve Imams, and, in the Twelvers view, the rightful successor to Muhammad , followed by male descendants of Muhammad ...
Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Husayn Ibn Ali, who was the brother of Hasan Ibn Ali. [96] The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and in hiding. [99] The Shi'a Imams are seen as infallible.
They believe the 12th Imam, ordered them to follow the scholars who "guard their soul, protect their religion, and follow the commandments of their master (Allah)". [4] Consequently, the Usooli Shia community is divided into mujtahid (those who follow their own independent judgement in religious law) and muqallid (those who must follow the ...
The reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi is the Twelver eschatological belief in the return of their Hidden Imam in the end of time to establish peace and justice on earth. For Twelvers, this would end a period of occultation that began shortly after the death of Hasan al-Askari in 260 AH (873–874 CE), the eleventh Imam.
1558) who first suggested that a (qualified) jurist was the general deputy (na'ib al-amm) of the Hidden Imam whose authority encompassed all prerogatives of the Imam. [117] The transition of Twelver jurists into their new role was facilitated by the formation of Shia states, particularly the Safavid [ 118 ] and Qajar [ 119 ] [ 120 ] dynasties ...
Mus'haf of Ali, a Tafseer of the Quran by Imam Ali; Al-Jafr by Imam Ali; Nahj al-Balaghah, a collection of sermons, letters and quotes attributed to Ali; Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim compilation of over ten thousand short sayings of Imam Ali; Al-Sahifa al-Alawiya (Book of Supplications ) by Imam Ali, translated by William Chittick. [1]
941) in his Kafi fi elm al-din refers to written decrees from the Hidden Imam to some pious men, including the first two agents. This author also speaks of other trusted men of the Hidden Imam in different cities in addition to the four agents. [29] The notion of four successive agents appears first in the works of Ibn Babawayh (d.
[3] [4] The best-known example of this genre is Imam Nawawi's Forty Hadith, which was written to include all the fundamentals of the sacred Islamic law. Khomeini completed his collection in 1939, and it was first published in 1940. [1] He quotes the Arabic text of each hadith in the book with its Persian translation and discusses its various ...