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The Vienna Development Method (VDM) is one of the longest-established formal methods for the development of computer-based systems. Originating in work done at the IBM Laboratory Vienna [1] in the 1970s, it has grown to include a group of techniques and tools based on a formal specification language—the VDM Specification Language (VDM-SL).
The VDM model can be simplified in certain situations. Assume that we work with Perpetuity. This means there will be indefinitely be a free cash flow that is the same year after year and the SHE factor is constant; the VDM formula thus becomes: PV maintenance = F SHE,t x (CF AU,t + CF CC,t + CF RA,t + CF SHE,t) / r
Robust decision-making (RDM) is a particular set of methods and tools developed over the last decade, primarily by researchers associated with the RAND Corporation, designed to support decision-making and policy analysis under conditions of deep uncertainty.
DDL—Data Definition Language; DDoS—Distributed Denial of Service; DDR—Double Data Rate; DEC—Digital Equipment Corporation; DES—Data Encryption Standard; dev—development; DFA—Deterministic Finite Automaton; DFD—Data Flow Diagram; DFS—Depth-First Search; DFS—Distributed File System; DGD—Dworkin's Game Driver
The most widely used notations for developing model-based specifications are VDM [1] [2] and Z [3] [4] (pronounced Zed, not Zee). These notations are based on typed set theory. Systems are therefore modelled using sets and relations between sets. Another well-known approach to formal specification is algebraic specification.
VDM is a Method. The Meta-IV was the Specification language that accompanied the method, and the VDM-SL is the current standardized form of that language. Since the VDM-SL has become standardized, then one may use Meta-IV to denote the three specific Schools of the VDM [4] which existed (and to some extent still do) from the 1970s onwards:
Both Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat Enterprise MRG [10] have support for RDMA. Microsoft supports RDMA in Windows Server 2012 via SMB Direct. VMware ESXi also supports RDMA as of 2015. Common RDMA implementations include the Virtual Interface Architecture, RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE), InfiniBand, Omni-Path and iWARP.
RDM can replace manpower at location by experts on a central location, in order to save manpower or prevent hazardous situations (space for instance). Increasing globalisation and more and more complicated machinery and software, also creates the wish to remote engineering, so travel over growing distances of experienced and expensive ...