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Structures with names 4- and 5-nitroimidazole are equivalent from the perspective of drugs since these tautomers readily interconvert. Drugs of the 5-nitro variety include metronidazole, tinidazole, nimorazole, dimetridazole, pretomanid, ornidazole, megazol, and azanidazole. Drugs based on 2-nitroimidazoles include benznidazole and azomycin. [3]
The 5-nitroimidazole drugs (metronidazole and tinidazole) are the mainstay of treatment for infection with Trichomonas vaginalis. Treatment for both the infected patient and the patient's sexual partner is recommended, even if asymptomatic. Therapy other than 5-nitroimidazole drugs is also an option, but cure rates are much lower. [26]
Benznidazole is a nitroimidazole antiparasitic with good activity against acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, commonly referred to as Chagas disease. [14] Like other nitroimidazoles, benznidazole's main mechanism of action is to generate radical species which can damage the parasite's DNA or cellular machinery. [17]
Tinidazole, sold under the brand name Tindamax among others, is a medication used against protozoan infections.It is widely known throughout Europe and the developing world as a treatment for a variety of anaerobic amoebic and bacterial infections.
[4] [5] It is generally used together with bedaquiline and linezolid. [4] It is taken by mouth. [4] The most common side effects include nerve damage, acne, vomiting, headache, low blood sugar, diarrhea, and liver inflammation. [4] It is in the nitroimidazole class of medications. [6]
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Mechanism of the accumulation of FMISO in hypoxic tissue [9]. On entering a viable cell, the nitro group of the FMISO nitroimidazole is reduced. [10] In non-hypoxic cells, the reduced FMISO molecule can be oxidised, and therefore diffuses out of the cell to circulate freely and ultimately be excreted.