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Overall, the Dunning–Kruger effect has been studied across a wide range of tasks, in aviation, business, debating, chess, driving, literacy, medicine, politics, spatial memory, and other fields. [5] [9] [26] Many studies focus on students—for example, how they assess their performance after an exam. In some cases, these studies gather and ...
Environmental health shows the effects people have on the environment as well as the effects the environment has on people. [21] From early studies showing that patients with a view of nature from their hospital recovered faster than patients with a window view of a brick wall, [ 22 ] how, why, and to which extent nature has mental and physical ...
However, these effects weren't felt among all people equally—younger, politically engaged individuals reported the most significant changes in well-being. Also, the effects weren't just physical.
Cross-race effect: The tendency for people of one race to have difficulty identifying members of a race other than their own. Egocentric bias: Recalling the past in a self-serving manner, e.g., remembering one's exam grades as being better than they were, or remembering a caught fish as bigger than it really was. Euphoric recall
Several studies have also found a strong positive correlation between higher military spending and higher carbon emissions where increased military spending has a larger effect on increasing carbon emissions in the Global North than in the Global South. [292] [290] Military activities also affect land use and are extremely resource-intensive. [293]
Recent research has focused on "real world" events captured on security cameras, and the coherency and robustness of the effect has come under question. [1] More recent studies also show that this effect can generalize to workplace settings, where subordinates often refrain from informing managers regarding ideas, concerns, and opinions. [2] [3]
The effect has been demonstrated with many kinds of things, including words, Chinese characters, paintings, pictures of faces, geometric figures, and sounds. [1] In studies of interpersonal attraction , the more often people see a person, the more pleasing and likeable they find that person.
This argument is basically that peer effects need not stop at one degree of separation. Rather, across a broad set of empirical settings, using both observational and experimental methods, it has been observed that the effect seems, in many cases, to no longer be meaningful at a social horizon of three degrees.