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  2. Pocket universe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_universe

    The mechanisms of inflation within these pocket universes could function in a variety of manners, such as slow-roll inflation, undergoing cycles of cosmological evolution, or resembling of the Galilean genesis or other 'emergent' universe scenarios. Lehners goes on to discuss which one of these types of universes we live in, and how that is ...

  3. False vacuum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_vacuum

    A vacuum is defined as a space with as little energy in it as possible. Despite the name, the vacuum still has quantum fields.A true vacuum is stable because it is at a global minimum of energy, and is commonly assumed to coincide with the physical vacuum state we live in.

  4. Eternal inflation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_inflation

    Eternal inflation is a hypothetical inflationary universe model, which is itself an outgrowth or extension of the Big Bang theory. According to eternal inflation, the inflationary phase of the universe's expansion lasts forever throughout most of the universe .

  5. Big Bang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

    The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. [1] The concept of an expanding universe was scientifically originated by physicist Alexander Friedmann in 1922 with the mathematical derivation of the Friedmann equations.

  6. Inflaton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflaton

    The inflaton field is a hypothetical scalar field which is conjectured to have driven cosmic inflation in the very early universe. [1] [2] [3] The field, originally postulated by Alan Guth, [1] provides a mechanism by which a period of rapid expansion from 10 −35 to 10 −34 seconds after the initial expansion can be generated, forming a universe not inconsistent with observed spatial ...

  7. Cosmic background radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_background_radiation

    [2] [3] The discovery (by chance in 1965) of the cosmic background radiation suggests that the early universe was dominated by a radiation field, a field of extremely high temperature and pressure. [4] There is background radiation observed across all wavelength regimes, peaking in microwave, but also notable in infrared and X-ray regimes.

  8. Hubble bubble (astronomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_bubble_(astronomy)

    In astronomy, a Hubble bubble would be "a departure of the local value of the Hubble constant from its globally averaged value", [1] or, more technically, "a local monopole in the peculiar velocity field, perhaps caused by a local void in the mass density".

  9. Quantum foam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_foam

    Quantum foam (or spacetime foam, or spacetime bubble) is a theoretical quantum fluctuation of spacetime on very small scales due to quantum mechanics. The theory predicts that at this small scale, particles of matter and antimatter are constantly created and destroyed.