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The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2 ) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
The history of the Haber process begins with the invention of the Haber process at the dawn of the twentieth century. The process allows the economical fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen in the form of ammonia, which in turn allows for the industrial synthesis of various explosives and nitrogen fertilizers, and is probably the most important industrial process developed during the twentieth ...
Fritz Haber, 1918. The Haber process, [5] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [6] [7] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
Fritz Haber, 1918. The Haber process, [146] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [147] [148] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
The process was first published in 1913 and was an important source of fuel for Germany during World War Two. The process was used in the US for a while after the war, but there are currently no commercial plants in the world. The Bergius process and the Haber-Bosch process were two pioneering methods of high-pressure chemistry.
Synthetic fertiliser has helped to feed billions of people since the invention of the Haber-Bosch process a century ago, but its devastating impact on the climate now means that humanity likely ...
Equipment for a study of nitrogen fixation by alpha rays (Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, 1926) The dominant industrial method for producing ammonia is the Haber process also known as the Haber-Bosch process. [76] Fertilizer production is now the largest source of human-produced fixed nitrogen in the terrestrial ecosystem.
In 1909, Fritz Haber discovered a new process to produce nitrogen-based fertilizer. In cooperation with the German chemical company BASF, Carl Bosch was tasked with implementing this process on a commercial scale. [7] In 1913, Norsk Hydro had an option to license the Haber-Bosch process, but elected not to.