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The Bosch reaction is a catalytic chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (CO 2) and hydrogen (H 2) that produces elemental carbon (C,graphite), water, and a 10% return of invested heat. CO 2 is usually reduced by H 2 to carbon in presence of a catalyst (e.g. iron (Fe)) and requires a temperature level of 530–730 °C (986–1,346 °F).
The Bosch–Meiser process is an industrial process, which was patented in 1922 [1] and named after its discoverers, the German chemists Carl Bosch and Wilhelm Meiser [2] for the large-scale manufacturing of urea, a valuable nitrogenous chemical. The whole process consists of two main equilibrium reactions, with incomplete conversion of the ...
Fritz Haber, 1918. The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [2] [3] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
This is known as the chemical part of the reactive ion etching. There is also a physical part, if ions have enough energy, they can knock atoms out of the material to be etched without chemical reaction. There are two main technologies for high-rate DRIE: cryogenic and Bosch, although the Bosch process is the only recognised production technique.
Bosch deep reactive-ion etching, a microfabrication technique to form high aspect ratio features. Haber–Bosch process , ammonia production method in chemical industry. Bosch reaction , forms elemental carbon from CO 2 and hydrogen using a metallic catalyst.
Carl Bosch (German pronunciation: [kaʁl ˈbɔʃ] ⓘ; 27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. [2] He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben , at one point the world's largest chemical company.
These reactions occur in the presence of metal catalysts, typically at temperatures of 150–300 °C (302–572 °F) and pressures of one to several tens of atmospheres. The Fischer–Tropsch process is an important reaction in both coal liquefaction and gas to liquids technology for producing liquid hydrocarbons. [1]
The structure of the molecule of urea is O=C(−NH 2) 2.The urea molecule is planar when in a solid crystal because of sp 2 hybridization of the N orbitals. [8] [9] It is non-planar with C 2 symmetry when in the gas phase [10] or in aqueous solution, [9] with C–N–H and H–N–H bond angles that are intermediate between the trigonal planar angle of 120° and the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°.