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Indigenous education involves oral traditions (such as listening, watching, imitating), group work, apprenticeship, and high levels of cultural context. [6] [11] Additionally, knowledge to Indigenous people is sacred, centers on the idea that each student constructs knowledge individually, and is rooted in experience and culture. [12]
Land-based education centres land as the primary teacher, as Indigenous communities' knowledge systems are inseparable from their lands. [1] [2] Land-based education is place-specific, grounded in culture, and aims to strengthen Indigenous communities by reviving their reciprocal relationships with their lands through the practice of their land-based traditions. [1]
The educational philosophy has since been developed by Henry Giroux and others since the 1980s as a praxis-oriented "educational movement, guided by passion and principle, to help students develop a consciousness of freedom, recognize authoritarian tendencies, and connect knowledge to power and the ability to take constructive action". [15]
Hopi philosophy teaches that life is a journey, to be lived in harmony with the natural world. Thus, the Hopi believe that following hopivotskwani will lead to positive outcomes not only in interpersonal relationships, but also in interactions with nature, for example ensuring sufficient rainfall and a good harvest. [8] [better source needed]
Culturally relevant teaching is instruction that takes into account students' cultural differences. Making education culturally relevant is thought to improve academic achievement, [1] but understandings of the construct have developed over time [2] Key characteristics and principles define the term, and research has allowed for the development and sharing of guidelines and associated teaching ...
The first is the exogenous model, a "foreign model", while the second is the indigenous model, or the "traditional model". The foreign model is described to be "legal and formal". The indigenous model is described as a "traditional and non-formal" model or guide, deeply embedded in the subconscious of the Filipinos. [5]
The education strategy has a variety of principles, establishing the yardstick for education systems and providers to measure their approaches to inclusive education. This includes: [ 18 ] Increasing the potential for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students to succeed
Ethnophilosophy is the study of indigenous philosophical systems. The implicit concept is that a specific culture can have a philosophy that is not applicable and accessible to all peoples and cultures in the world; however, this concept is disputed by traditional philosophers. [1]