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In vertebrates, the maxilla (pl.: maxillae / m æ k ˈ s ɪ l iː /) [2] is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. [3] [4] The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the ...
The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to build a portion of the skull. [1] The remainder of the skull is the neurocranium.. In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the membranous viscerocranium, which comprises the mandible and dermatocranial elements that are not part of the braincase.
The shape of the face is influenced by the bone-structure of the skull, and each face is unique through the anatomical variation present in the bones of the viscerocranium (and neurocranium). [1] The bones involved in shaping the face are mainly the maxilla, mandible, nasal bone, zygomatic bone, and frontal bone.
The underdevelopment of the bones in the upper jaw, which gives the middle of the face a sunken look. [1] This same underdevelopment can make it difficult to eat and can lead to complications such as Nasopharyngeal airway restriction. This restriction causes forward head posture which can then lead to back pain, neck pain, and numbness in the ...
The frontal process of the maxilla is a strong plate, which projects upward, medialward, and backward from the maxilla, forming part of the lateral boundary of the nose. Its lateral surface is smooth, continuous with the anterior surface of the body, and gives attachment to the quadratus labii superioris , the orbicularis oculi , and the medial ...
The maxillary sinus can normally be seen above the level of the premolar and molar teeth in the upper jaw. This dental x-ray film shows how, in the absence of the second premolar and first molar, the sinus became pneumatized and expanded towards the crest of the alveolar process (location at which the bone meets the gum tissue).
Incisive bone is a term used for mammals, and it has been generally thought to be homologous to premaxilla in non-mammalian animals. However, there are counterarguments. According to them, the incisive bone is a novel character first acquired in therian mammals as a composition of premaxilla derived from medial nasal prominence and septomaxilla derived from maxillary promine
The maxillary prominence forms the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and in it are ossified the zygomatic bone and the greater part of the maxilla; it meets with the medial nasal prominence, from which, however, it is separated for a time by a groove, the naso-optic furrow, that extends from the furrow encircling the eyeball to the nasal pit.