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Microscopic here implies that quantum mechanics has to be used to provide an accurate description of the system. Many can be anywhere from three to infinity (in the case of a practically infinite, homogeneous or periodic system, such as a crystal), although three- and four-body systems can be treated by specific means (respectively the Faddeev and Faddeev–Yakubovsky equations) and are thus ...
In physics, an open quantum system is a quantum-mechanical system that interacts with an external quantum system, which is known as the environment or a bath.In general, these interactions significantly change the dynamics of the system and result in quantum dissipation, such that the information contained in the system is lost to its environment.
Many-body localization (MBL) is a dynamical phenomenon occurring in isolated many-body quantum systems. It is characterized by the system failing to reach thermal equilibrium , and retaining a memory of its initial condition in local observables for infinite times.
Quantum thermodynamics: Emergence of Thermodynamic Behavior Within Composite Quantum Systems. 2nd edition, Springer, ISBN 978-3-540-70509-3. Heinz-Peter Breuer, Francesco Petruccione (2007). The Theory of Open Quantum Systems. Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-921390-0.
The Lindblad master equation describes the evolution of various types of open quantum systems, e.g. a system weakly coupled to a Markovian reservoir. [1] Note that the H appearing in the equation is not necessarily equal to the bare system Hamiltonian, but may also incorporate effective unitary dynamics arising from the system-environment ...
Quantum Monte Carlo is a way to directly study the many-body problem and the many-body wave function beyond these approximations. The most advanced quantum Monte Carlo approaches provide an exact solution to the many-body problem for non-frustrated interacting boson systems, while providing an approximate description of interacting fermion systems.
Studying phase structure in localized systems requires us to first formulate a sharp notion of a phase away from thermal equilibrium. This is done via the notion of eigenstate order: [1] one can measure order parameters and correlation functions in individual energy eigenstates of a many-body system, instead of averaging over several eigenstates as in a Gibbs state.
The GW approximation (GWA) is an approximation made in order to calculate the self-energy of a many-body system of electrons. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The approximation is that the expansion of the self-energy Σ in terms of the single particle Green's function G and the screened Coulomb interaction W (in units of ℏ = 1 {\displaystyle \hbar =1} )