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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 January 2025. Medical system for classifying human faeces Medical diagnostic method Bristol stool scale Bristol stool chart Synonyms Bristol stool chart (BSC); Bristol Stool Scale (BSS); Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS or BSF scale); Purpose classify type of feces (diagnostic triad for irritable bowel ...
The pH of human faeces is variable but the average is pH 6.6 for normal faeces. [1] [2] A lower faecal pH (very acidic stool) can indicate a digestive problem such poor absorption of carbohydrates or fats, [3] lactose intolerance, [4] an infection such as E. coli or rotavirus, or overgrowth of acid-producing bacteria (such as lactic acid bacteria).
The Bristol stool scale is a medical aid designed to classify the form of human feces into seven categories. Sometimes referred to in the UK as the Meyers Scale, it was developed by K.W. Heaton at the University of Bristol and was first published in the Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology in 1997. [4]
Stool osmotic gap is a measurement of the difference in solute types between serum and feces, used to distinguish among different causes of diarrhea. Feces is normally in osmotic equilibrium with blood serum, which the human body maintains between 290–300 mOsm/kg. [1] However, the solutes contributing to this total differ.
The Bristol stool chart, developed by Heaton. Heaton was born in 1936 in Shillong, India, where his parents were Christian missionaries. [2] His family later moved to England, where Heaton attended Marlborough College before completing a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Cambridge.
Different levels of cumulative intestinal injuries can cause different complications, such as fistulae, damage of bowel function, symptom recurrence, disability, etc. [16] Patients can be children or adults. Recent research shows that immunodeficiency and monogenic disorders are the causes in young patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Fecal leakage, fecal soiling and fecal seepage are minor degrees of FI, and describe incontinence of liquid stool, mucus, or very small amounts of solid stool. They cover a spectrum of increasing symptom severity (staining, soiling, seepage, and accidents). [1] Rarely, minor FI in adults may be described as encopresis.
Patients may use the Bristol Stool Chart to help them describe and characterise the morphological features of their stool, this is useful as it gives an indication of the transit time. [18] [non-primary source needed] An objective method used to evaluate the motility of the colon and help with diagnosis is the colon transit time.