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Horizontal transfer of mitochondria is mediated by actin-rich membrane protrusions named tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). [5] The establishment of a nanotube begins with the formation of a filopodium-like membrane protrusion that retracts after reaching the recipient cell, leaving an ultrafine structure that is separated from the substrate. [1]
A ribosome is made up of two subunits, a small subunit, and a large subunit. These subunits come together before the translation of mRNA into a protein to provide a location for translation to be carried out and a polypeptide to be produced. [3] The choice of amino acid type to add is determined by a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. Each amino ...
The protein is composed of 3 major domains: a stem and 2 branches. Each domain has a specific purpose and distinct folding pattern which allows the protein to function properly. While each domain is unique, they all contain the basic structure of an α-β sandwich class, which is essentially a β sheet core surrounded by α helices. Domain 1 ...
Translation is one of the key energy consumers in cells, hence it is strictly regulated. Numerous mechanisms have evolved that control and regulate translation in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Regulation of translation can impact the global rate of protein synthesis which is closely coupled to the metabolic and proliferative state of a cell.
The generation of a protein sequence is much easier than the determination of a protein structure. However, the structure of a protein gives much more insight in the function of the protein than its sequence. Therefore, a number of methods for the computational prediction of protein structure from its sequence have been developed. [39]
Structure of rabbit eIF3 in the context of the 43S PIC, showing subunits a, c, e, f, h, k, l, and m. [1] Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a multiprotein complex that functions during the initiation phase of eukaryotic translation. [2] It is essential for most forms of cap-dependent and cap-independent translation initiation.
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Specialized proteins can recognize the marker and recruit histone deacetylases and methylases to re-establish the silencing. Nucleosome histone modifications could also be inherited during cell division, however, it is not clear whether it can work independently without the direction by DNA methylation. [1]