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Sirtuin 1, also known as NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIRT1 gene. [5] [6] [7]SIRT1 stands for sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (S. cerevisiae), referring to the fact that its sirtuin homolog (biological equivalent across species) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is Sir2.
In yeast, roundworms, and fruitflies, sir2 is the name of one of the sirtuin-type proteins (see table below). [16] Mammals possess seven sirtuins (SIRT1–7) that occupy different subcellular compartments: SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7 are predominantly in the nucleus, SIRT2 in the cytoplasm, and SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5 in the mitochondria. [2]
The sirtuins mainly seem to be involved in regulating transcription through deacetylating histones and altering nucleosome structure. [78] However, non-histone proteins can be deacetylated by sirtuins as well. These activities of sirtuins are particularly interesting because of their importance in the regulation of aging. [79] [80]
The artificial landscapes presented herein for single-objective optimization problems are taken from Bäck, [1] Haupt et al. [2] and from Rody Oldenhuis software. [3] Given the number of problems (55 in total), just a few are presented here. The test functions used to evaluate the algorithms for MOP were taken from Deb, [4] Binh et al. [5] and ...
Other examples of such products are butein, piceatannol, isoliquiritigenin, fisetin, and quercetin. [citation needed] Sirtuins depend on the crucial cellular molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for their function. Falling NAD+ levels during aging may adversely impact sirtuin maintenance of DNA integrity and ability to ...
Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes, and the protein encoded by this gene is included in class I of the sirtuin family. [5] The human sirtuins have a range of molecular functions and have emerged as important proteins in aging, stress resistance, and metabolic regulation.
Sirtuin 4, also known as SIRT4, is a mitochondrial protein which in humans is encoded by the SIRT4 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] SIRT4 is member of the mammalian sirtuin family of proteins, which are homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein.
NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SIRT2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] SIRT2 is an NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent deacetylase. Studies of this protein have often been divergent, highlighting the dependence of pleiotropic effects of SIRT2 on cellular context.