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2. Quartz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz

   Quartz crystal demonstrating transparency. Pure quartz, traditionally called rock crystal or clear quartz, is colorless and transparent or translucent and has often been used for hardstone carvings, such as the Lothair Crystal. Common colored varieties include citrine, rose quartz, amethyst, smoky quartz, milky quartz, and others. [33]

3. Herkimer diamond - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herkimer_diamond

   Herkimer diamonds are double-terminated quartz crystals discovered within exposed outcrops of dolomite in and around Herkimer County, New York, and the Mohawk River Valley in the US. [1][2] They are not diamonds; the "diamond" in their name is due to both their clarity and well formed faces. Because the first discovery sites were in the village ...

4. Iceland spar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_spar

   Iceland spar, formerly called Iceland crystal (Icelandic: silfurberg [ˈsɪlvʏrˌpɛrk], lit. ' silver-rock ' ) and also called optical calcite , is a transparent variety of calcite , or crystallized calcium carbonate , originally brought from Iceland , and used in demonstrating the polarization of light .

5. Geode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geode

   Geode. A geode (/ ˈdʒiː.oʊd /; from Ancient Greek γεώδης (geṓdēs) 'earthlike') is a geological secondary formation within sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Geodes are hollow, vaguely spherical rocks, in which masses of mineral matter (which may include crystals) are secluded. The crystals are formed by the filling of vesicles in ...

6. Bristol Diamonds - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Diamonds

   Bristol Diamonds are quartz crystals found in geodes and geological rock formations which occur in dolomitic conglomerate in the Avon Gorge in Bristol, England. Their origin lies in geological processes of the Triassic period, about 250 to 200 million years ago. The Bristol Diamonds became popular novelties for visitors to the spa at Hotwells ...

7. Triboluminescence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triboluminescence

   [1] [2] The Ute constructed unique ceremonial rattles made from buffalo rawhide which they filled with clear quartz crystals collected from the mountains of Colorado and Utah. When the rattles were shaken at night during ceremonies, the friction and mechanical stress of the quartz crystals impacting together produced flashes of light visible ...