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Researchers conducted a study by developing a questionnaire for pregnant women that included age, sex, race, health insurance status, financial status, any pregnancy risks, medical conditions, treatments, doctor's appointments, how many appointments were canceled due to COVID-19, and stress levels on a scale of mild, moderate, and severe.
Exposure to pharmaceutical drugs: [61] Certain anti-depressants may increase risks of preterm delivery. [75] Stress. An elevated level of stress during pregnancy leads to notorious pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and mental health problems for the mother.
A high-risk pregnancy is a pregnancy where the mother or the fetus has an increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. No concrete guidelines currently exist for distinguishing “high-risk” pregnancies from “low-risk” pregnancies; however, there are certain studied conditions that have been shown to put the mother or fetus at a higher risk of poor outcomes. [1]
The following conditions may also become worse or be a potential risk to the pregnancy: Cancer [MMHE 2] Chronic hypertension [MMHE 3] Cirrhosis [MMHE 4] Congenital disorders that may be passed on to offspring; Heart defects, especially primary pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger's syndrome [MMHE 5] Kidney disorders [MMHE 6] Mental health.
Pregnant women are at higher risk of health issues from cadmium due to increased absorption of the metal during pregnancy. [17] Cadmium can also pose health risks to the fetus, some of which may be lifelong, as it interferes with placental function and fetal development. [18]
Maternal health is the health of people during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.In most cases, maternal health encompasses the health care dimensions of family planning, preconception, prenatal, and postnatal care in order to ensure a positive and fulfilling experience.
Adolescent health creates a major global burden and has a great deal of additional and diverse complications compared to adult reproductive health such as early pregnancy and parenting issues, difficulties accessing contraception and safe abortions, lack of healthcare access, and high rates of HIV, sexually transmitted infections and mental health issues.
The usual increase in insulin resistance seen in late pregnancy is enhanced in obese mothers, causing a postprandial increase in glucose, lipids, and amino acids, as well as excessive fetal exposure to fuel sources. [clarification needed] [citation needed] This, in turn, increases fetal size, fat storage, and potential risk for disease.