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The incorporation into Spanish of learned, or "bookish" words from its own ancestor language, Latin, is arguably another form of lexical borrowing through the influence of written language and the liturgical language of the Church. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the early modern period, most literate Spanish-speakers were also literate in ...
Currently in Spain, people bear a single or composite given name (nombre in Spanish) and two surnames (apellidos in Spanish). A composite given name is composed of two (or more) single names; for example, Juan Pablo is considered not to be a first and a second forename, but a single composite forename. [6]
In this period the English language acquired a great number of Spanish words. English lexicographers began to accumulate lists of Spanish words, beginning with John Thorius in 1590, and for the next two centuries this interest for the Spanish language facilitated translation into the two languages as well as the mutual borrowing of words.
Translations, however, did not begin in Spain until after 1085 when Toledo was reconquered by Christians. [25] The early translators in Spain focused heavily on scientific works , especially mathematics and astronomy , with a second area of interest including the Qur'an and other Islamic texts. [ 26 ]
When it became apparent that the vast distances of the Spanish realm required a greater geographical spread of universities, they contributed to the creation of further foundations. [ 6 ] A key role in the development of the university system was played by the Catholic orders , especially by the Jesuits , but also the Dominicans and Augustinians .
They proposed the construction of 27,000 schools (the most important challenge) to provide schooling for the one million children who did not attend school, as there were none at the time. This was to be done through a "five-year plan", whereby 7,000 schools would be built in the first year and 5,000 schools in each of the following four years.
After the reformation of Norway in 1537, (Norway entered a personal union with Denmark in 1536) the cathedral schools were turned into Latin schools, and it was made mandatory for all market towns to have such a school. In 1736 training in reading was made compulsory for all children, but was not effective until some years later.
Old Spanish (roman, romançe, romaz; [3] Spanish: español medieval), also known as Old Castilian or Medieval Spanish, refers to the varieties of Ibero-Romance spoken predominantly in Castile and environs during the Middle Ages. The earliest, longest, and most famous literary composition in Old Spanish is the Cantar de mio Cid (c. 1140–1207).